Monuments of Dzibanché, Quintana Roo, Mexico

Corpus Volume 17 includes photographs and drawings of 27 monuments from Dzibanché, Quintana Roo, Mexico. The introductions, written by Bruce Love and Dzibanché Project Director Sandra Balanzario, summarize their documentation process and place the site of Dzibanché in its historical context.

-Bruce Love and Meghan Rubenstein

Corpus Volume 17: Monuments of Dzibanché, Quintana Roo, Mexico

Cancuen Stela 1

Corpus Volume 16 presents a single monument in two parts. The lower half of Stela 1 from Cancuen is in a school room in Cobán, Alta Verapaz, and the upper half is in a school courtyard in Santa Elena, Petén. This publication photographically reunites them. The photos, by Bruce Love, were taken in March and April of this year.

-Bruce Love and Meghan Rubenstein

Corpus Volume 16: Cancuen Stela 1: Cobán, Alta Verapaz, and Santa Elena, Peten, Guatemala

Caracoles Mesa de los Cautivos

According to archaeologists José Francisco Osorio and Francisco Pérez, La Mesa de los Cautivos, as it is now known, was first exposed during clearing of interior rubble in the Templo de los Caracoles building (Structure 5C5; Temple of the Snails) in 2005 during work at the Initial Series Group at Chichén Itzá under the direction of Dr. Peter Schmidt, but only the top surface was seen and the sides were not cleared. At that time, it was identified as a banqueta (bench).

In 2019 it was further exposed by the Proyecto Arqueológico Chichén Itzá, then headed by Osorio, and was discovered to have four carved sides. News of its discovery was published in Mexicon in 2020 (Vol. XLII February). Bruce Love photographed it on March 25, 2021, with permission of then site director Eduardo López Calzada, when Love was working at the site in collaboration with the project La Pintura Mural Prehispánica en México under the directorship of María Teresa Uriarte Castañeda of the Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas UNAM.  Love made the drawings the following month.

Love’s photographs and drawings were published in Arqueología Mexicana (at a small scale) in no. 172, enero-febrero 2022, in an article by project directors José Francisco Osorio and Francisco Pérez, and the figures with glyphs were added to Love’s Catalog of Non-Maya Glyphs at Chichén Itzá, also in 2022.

Photos and drawings of the four carved sides of the “table top” are published here with the consent of (now) site director José Francisco Osorio to whom I am deeply grateful for his collaboration.

-Bruce Love

Corpus Volume 15: La Mesa de los Cautivos from Chichén Itzá, Yucatán, Mexico

Monuments from La Florida Namaan, Petén, Guatemala

With the help of Bernie Mittelstaedt, I photographed the monuments of La Florida over two nights on April 9-10, 2019. Joanne Baron, considered today’s expert on the site and its monuments, had already been working at the site for some time, but my own work there was not part of her project. I had contacted her about my intentions, and she gave me the green light.  However, any arrangements to photograph would have to be made by me and Bernie after we arrived there.

We had just come from La Libertad where, three years prior, again thanks to Bernie’s incredible diplomatic skills, we had gotten permission to photograph pieces in the municipality (Corpus Volume 7: Itzimte Stelae at La Libertad, Petén, Guatemala). I returned this year, 2019, to present La Libertad alcalde Benjamin Ipiña printed photographs of the monuments suitable for hanging. He was very appreciative. When Bernie mentioned our intention to go to the site of La Florida in the town of El Naranjo, the alcalde made a call for us and paved the way.

Arriving in El Naranjo around midday we went first to see the alcalde, to tell him our intentions and to get his blessings. Later in the evening, Bernie arranged for us to enter the military base where many of the monuments were located. The site itself is scattered throughout the town and the military base, with one of the main archaeological plazas now serving as a soccer field, a soccer field with monuments on the edges.

Now, some four years later, I am happy to present to you, our readers, this collection of photographs.

-Bruce Love

Corpus Volume 14: Monuments from La Florida Namaan, Petén, Guatemala

Monuments from Oxpemul, Campeche

Dear Readers,

With this corpus volume, we at Contributions to Mesoamerican Studies (CtMS) begin a new practice of publishing photographs of monuments without accompanying drawings. Up to now, all of our Corpus Volumes present photographs and drawings side-by-side, following the tradition established by the great Ian Graham in his Peabody Museum corpus volumes. But the time it takes to produce good, careful drawings has held up publication of important volumes of stone monuments that would be welcome contributions to the field. That, of course, is our mission at CtMS: publish and make accessible to our worldwide body of researchers valuable data ripe for analysis and interpretation.

Back in 2008, I began photographing monuments using a particular technique, taught to me by Jorge Pérez de Lara, that uses a powerful, professional-grade flash unit in the dark, held by an assistant some meters away from the object at a steep, raking angle, synced to the camera. The camera can then be hand-held because the flash freezes any hand motion. This eliminates the need for generators and tripods, allowing for the proper recordation of multiple monuments per evening.

As I grew in experience, I began also creating drawing aids for each monument. These drawing aids are made by coming in close with the camera, still hand-held, and capturing single glyph blocks or groups of glyph blocks while the assistant turns down the power of the flash and comes in close, like eighteen inches close, and goes around the glyph block, one click at a time, capturing each glyph with up to a dozen different light angles.

Then, back at home, I develop the “portrait” shots, the straight-on views of the entire monument with the raking light, using both Adobe Lightroom and Photoshop, to produce the final portrait. Then whoever makes the drawings of the glyphs can use the drawing aids to make drawings overlying the portraits.

I have been photographing monuments now over multiple field seasons, my latest being 2022 and my next being 2025. I have many sites and museum collections “in the can,” and I am collecting volumes of photographs far quicker than drawings can be produced, so I reached out to a number of my colleagues and asked what they thought about the idea of publishing photographs without drawings, and the response was unanimous: do it!

Just as a teaser, let me say I have complete corpora of the known inscriptions from Chichen Itza; Uxmal; the Lithic Museum at Tikal; the entire country of Belize (except for pieces in U.S. Museums that I am planning to get soon), including Pusilha in the British Museum; the monuments of La Florida Namaan; the monuments of Takalik Abaj; the collection of fragments from Naranjo and the whole stelae of Naranjo at the municipio in Melchor de Mencos; the captives of Dzibanche; Moral Reforma Stela 1 and 2 at the Pellicer Museum in Villahermosa; and Stela 13 and 31 at Yaxha. Pending permissions, all these monuments are in line to be published. Furthermore, according to Milan Kováč, the entire corpus of Uaxactun is scheduled to be released shortly in a separate publication.

We also plan to make the drawing aids for each monument available through links to online storage, so that you, our subscribers, can make your own drawings.

This volume on Oxpemul, Campeche (without drawing aids, unfortunately, because I wasn’t making drawing aids in those earliest days of my photographic efforts), marks the first in a series of corpora of monuments to be published without accompanying drawings. May the information on these stones spur new discoveries and interpretations of Maya history.

-Bruce Love

Corpus Volume 13: Monuments from Oxpemul, Campeche

Santa Elena Monuments in Balancan Museum, Tabasco

Corpus Volume 12 presents four monuments from the Classic Maya site of Santa Elena, Tabasco, Mexico. The monuments are unusual in that their shapes are somewhere between stelae and panels. They are as thick as stelae but quadrangular like panels. Could they have been ballcourt panels? The details of their discovery and removal to the town of Balancan are unknown to the authors of this Corpus Volume. Photos are by Bruce Love and drawings are by Sergei Veprestkii.

-Bruce Love and Meghan Rubenstein

Corpus Volume 12: Santa Elena Monuments in Balancan Museum, Tabasco

Petén Miscellanea: Monuments from Five Sites

Corpus Volume 11 presents 10 monuments from around Lake Petén Itzá, only one of which is in situ. Three of the monuments are in the central park or plaza on the island of Flores, three are in front of the town hall of San Andrés on the western edge of the lake, three are in a rustic wooden enclosure at a highway intersection (entronque) in the town of Ixlu on the eastern edge of the lake (where the north-south road to Tikal meets the east-west road from Belize), and one is in the site of Ixlu itself, near to that intersection.

-Bruce Love and Meghan Rubenstein

Corpus Volume 11: Petén Miscellanea: Monuments from Five Sites

Kaminaljuyu, Sculptures 10 and 65, MUNAE, Guatemala

Corpus Volume 10 consists of two monuments from Kaminaljuyu that are currently on display at the National Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology (MUNAE) in Guatemala City. The photographs were made by Bruce Love and illustrations by Lucia R. Henderson.

-Bruce Love and Meghan Rubenstein

Corpus Volume 10: Kaminaljuyu, Sculptures 10 and 65, MUNAE, Guatemala

Ichmul de Morley, Panels 1 and 2

Research Contribution 9 and Corpus Volume 9 are here published simultaneously; both are about the carved stone panels known as Ichmul de Morley Panels 1 and 2. The Research Contribution, by Gregory Smith, details the early history of the discovery of the panels by Sylvanus Morley and their subsequent documentation, while the Corpus Volume presents recent photographs and drawings of them by Bruce Love.

Corpus Volume 9: Ichmul de Morley, Yucatán, Mexico

Research Contribution 9: The History of the Ichmul de Morley Ballplayer Panels, by J. Gregory Smith

Planchón del Rey (San Diego Cliff Face), Petén, Guatemala

Corpus Volume 8 presents a single monument, an Early Classic period relief carving, three meters tall, high on a limestone escarpment that overlooks a major (though unrecorded) archaeological site about halfway along the paved highway connecting La Libertad and El Ceibo, Petén. The project was facilitated by the alcalde of the municipio of La Libertad, where I had photographed the Itzimte stelae in 2016 that constituted our Corpus Volume 7.

When I returned to La Libertad in April 2019, again with Bernie Mittelstaedt as my guide and co-worker, I brought two plaques showing the Itzimte stelae as gifts and tokens of appreciation to alcalde Benjamín Ipiña. These plaques were made of metalized material suitable for hanging outdoors. Mr. Ipiña then made phone calls for us that paved the way for us to photograph Planchón del Rey.

two men holding signage and shaking hands

-Bruce Love

Corpus Volume 8: Planchón del Rey (San Diego Cliff Face), Petén, Guatemala